Ship



F. H. CLARK AND M. M. WHITAKER. SHIP.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.5, 1913. 1,334,349.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1- INVQNTOR.

- mzmm mawe WM 1 Patented Mar. 23, 1920.

F. H. CLARK AND M. M. WHITAKER.

SHIP.

APPLICATION FILED -AUG.5, 191a.

Patented Mar. 23, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2. 2

. INVENTOR,

F 3 g4 f F. H. CLARK AND M. M. WHITAKER. SHIP.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.5, 1918. 7

1,334,349. Patented Mar. 23, 1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.-

WITNESSES.-

iez'r A TTORNEYS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK HUNTINGTON CLARK, OF NEW] YORK, N. '55., AND MORRIS M. WHITAKER, OF NYACK, NEW YORK.

SHIP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

li 'otcnted Mar. 23, 1920.

Application filed Ang'uet 5, 1918. Serial No. M83174.

To all whom it may twice m:

Be it known that we, Fnnoinoon IfIUNT lNG'l'ON CLARK, of borough of lilzuihnttnn, city, county. and State oi? New York, and Monroe M. WHITAKER, of Nyeck, county o'l liloclqlend, State 01: New York, have invented certain new and useful I111 movements in t hips; and we do hereby declare the followinc to be :1 full, clear, end exact description oil? the some, reference being had to the cc coinpei'iying drawings, forming); it part of this specification, lend to the 1"etore1'1ce-nu morale marked thereon.

(lur present invention hes for its object to provide means for the ecoi'iomicel transportation oi? luniber by water. and broadly considerml it embodies the idee oil" trzuisporting dimensioned lumber, preferably squared timbers oi commercial sites, built into the form of e ships hull end capable of: nevigw tion on the high sens. Our invention hos tor its further object the constructi im oil a raft having; exteriorly the lines, or hull 'li'ornietion, oi? a. Vessel, and which iuteriorly only le built either solid or portly eolid by the pill 9, or stitchingof the timbers. Another :lenture of our invention relates to the manner in which the timbers ere laid, both timisversely end longitudinally, to provide the neceseery strength in the completed hull to withstand the bullcting oil? the sees, and prevent the displacement of both the exterior timbers end the interior timbers eon fil'lSlll iif the cargo, by the ite inc; motion of the shin. collision, :zmnlire or torpedo ttach. llo those and other ends the int mation consists in co in iiuprovemcnts:inll (lfi lllllalittions of parts, ull as will be hereinafter n'iore lolly described. the novel iei ttureee being pointed out in the Cldllb'lfi at the curl oi. the specification in the d euro 1. is a sole elevation, oi 2;. shin built in :u-hortleuce with our invention illu:-tret-- 'uiu oenerel features;

TEQI. is a hel'li-ln'czulth plain. or top VlQW, of one lo ulinol hull oi? the ship:

l e horiwrnitel section-ll view taken.

plane iii-sit below the deck;

at lE-E o, body olen being; a. treusvere ill.

l sectionel view telaiei'i substentielly on :i ll'llt shin plane;

liie'. 5 is on enlarged Cl'ilSi' sectional View showing the "ll'lttlllltll' of laying; up the tim- .the tie rod fastening-s;

Fig. 8 is :1. detail VlLW of one oi the tie rod saddles;

Fig. 9 is a detail View showing the dowels used for securing' the timbers against relative movement.

Fig. 10 ie a detail View, showingthe men nor of filling the spaces betwoei'i :nljecent tie-rods by means 01 planks.

'l. he transportation of .lllll'llJQl, as such, is con fronted with many diliiculties hemuse oi' weightend bull: and this es' u'ciully 1st) in. carrying it over sees", as only :1 com ieratively small quantity can be loaded into the hold oi the everege freight ccrryilw w Then too, the construction of an 'essels imposes undeeiml'ile ,ll.111jllilttl0ll$ in the length, sizes and cross-sectionol of the timber carried, and further, the storing, or londi oi the letter in the hold of n. w eelv inztkce it inu lrecticoble to ship in c z: nmnner any but seasoned or 'ln dried lumben thus often delaying its (l cry unduly. even when the dcnutnd for it most or cot.

In carrying out our intention we preterebly uee green sticks, /1. (1., the lumber just as it comes from the saw mill, end in pinetiice ships embodying our invention ere built at the nearest launching-point to the mill to which the logs are delivered from. the forest. The lumber is cut to given sizes, rectangular, end as large in or sea-sectional erezi possible, thus obviating the loss in cident to recutting and permitting the dc livery at foreign ports 0t timbers which may be resewed as desired at any time after they are received. In constructing; a. ships hull in accordance with our invention We lay down central longitudinal. timbers to form the keel and heelson and extending laterally therefrom lay other timber, side by side, to form the bottom which is preferably r0unded, as shown. The triangular, or sector shaped spaces, lying below the knee point of the hull, where the sidee rise from the bottom, commonly termed the bilge, are filled Ill the floor pieces 7 and the outermost bottomi planks 46 is provided to accon'mioda-tc the lore and. aft filling pieces 8, which are rounded as shown, and also project laterally soinewi'nrt beyond the floor pieces. The

curred surfaces of the filling pieces obviate a sharp bend in the tie rods, aiulby projectinn; them beyond the ends of the lioor pieces they will always be forced laterally toward the keel and, canse the timbers compri 'ng the bottom planks and. garboard strokes to he held under compression.

The sides ot the hull are built up oi rectangular. timbers, which term a main, or outer, wall. and are llllJLi'lOCliGfl as by gainingl in the manner before describe Al de sired cnrve in the Wales is obtained by solccting timbers or ditl'erent Width and loo-atliio' tl'ic i'ridcst ones iuthc center of theticr. A an indication oi a mropriatc sizes ol sticliisthat may. be used, and the manner we lay them up, we have indicated in Fl side Wall as composed of twcli'e pieces each 153" in height. The lowermost piece 9 may he wide, the next one 10 may he 10'' wide: each of the next two pieces l1 may be 12. in. width; and the three central 'iieces may he l t wide; The lohr upper rows oi" timbers 13, covered. by the rail, or gnaw-ale strip, jl-i ma each. diminish correspondionly in Width. lVithin the side walls are the vertical rih pieces 15, which are stat l. on: end

in close order. lore and actt anuoships, an

tar as the lines of the hull permit. The rib pieces are slightly shorter than. the side walls to provide longitudinal SGIHPQOTS l5 and 'ltutlll'litllf." ovcrtho top at all ea en din loi are filling pieces, or compression strips. 16 which ra-Went thepioccs w orltin non'a rdly.

the cen er of the hull we provide n'rol orably two longitudinal bnll fheads spaced apart sn'l'licientl to provide f iflflil tor the stc o 'iin r ot the inn. and the arconimodw tion o'l such ballast as may be doomed neces sary'. These center line 'mlkhcads are composed oi the vertical rows of timbers indicated l7 and which are grained or otheri v in locked. or secured. against.

indepemient longitudinal: movement,it hcin understood that in. iilingr the tii'nbcrs jo nts between abutting pica-es are broken, or stage:- gered l he bnlklnads rest upon the tlodr pieces 7. and in the a; race between then]. rail" road rails 19, as shown in dotted lines. or other heavy; objects, may be planed; or the space may be filled by a few large. timbers as Water passages filling; blocks 23 are locatccjl,

which. maintain a downmird com n'ession on. the bulkhead piles of. timber.

The deck beams 23 areol large dimensions, like the floor pieces 7, but their ends project beyond the gunwales and instead. of laying them side by side they are preter abl'y spaced apart, the s mifing varying according to the size of the timber; for instance, it these timbers are of a size 18"Xl8 they may be separated a distance of three feet; Eachof the deck beams carries a numbcr oi the encircling tie code, which are attached toits opposite ends midiby separaing); thesebeams it possible to use another set oil tie rods, or binders, which occupy the space he zen. the bi-sa1ns,and in. themselves are siulicient tohold the mass together during a voyage. Another object in thus arrangingthe parts resides in the fact that in the transverse spaces of the deck We provide compression tie rods which serve to draw the gumvales inwardly, and these rods we employ to hold the saddle blocks which carry the second set of binders in place.

The angry space lying between the verticals, or ribs 15 and the center bulkheads filled with dimensioned lun'iber, preferably in large sizes, andone or more tiers thereof. as indicated by 23 will be staggered to prerent one layer. from attempting to slipover another. 'lihe cargo lumber in Whatever manner it is stacked; will be of such sizes as to completely fill the hold space so that it is. compressed horizontally, to support the lmlkheads, ribs and side walls, and el'ti call h the downward pressure of the deck beams.

. Surnioiu'iting; the decln. along the sides thereof, hulwarks 23 may be 'lorn'icd by pilesothnnber nc-terribly composed of] timbers of equal SlZHZtSSGIHlJlBCl so as toihavc the form in crosssection, oil? a right angle. triangle, the upwardly extending leg of the triangle con'iprising the outer face oi the pile which lies within thc plane of theside wall of the hull. This lumber may be so arranged on the fore and. aft portions of tho shipasto give sheer to the :lorni of the structin-c, and also to act as a protection tothe bring quarters of the crew. The bnlwarks are preferably secured in place by lashing-s fZ-l engaging inner and outer eye. bolts and 26 which. pass through the deck beams and may be secured: to the latter before thoseare pernn-mently lined; in the position which the are to occupy in the completed structure.

The living quarters of the crew are entirely above the deck, as indicated by 31, and comprise water tight compartments which may be built in any suitable manner, and are secured in place by lashings 31. Ingress and egress to and from these compartments is obtained through roof hatches 31 The shape of the hull is designed, in so far as practicable, to permit the use of long, rectangular timbers, and at the same time provide it with such lines as render it both seaworthy, and capable of being propelled by its own power. One of the most important features of our invention resides in the provision of means by the use of dimensioned timber whereby the desired shape of the bow and stern lines may be provided. The sticks, or larger pieces of timber, from which the forward portion of the hull of the vessel is built up, are selected of a commercial, transverse-sectional size, such as a timber 12Xl2, and with these we use other timbers which are multiples of such dimensions, such smaller pieces being used as filling strips in the corners, or angles, at the outside of the hull, formed between a lower timber, and the upper one, which projects laterally thereof, as shown in Fig. It will be understood, of course, that in every instance the largest size of timber will be employed which will fit in a given space, and still conform to the general desired curvature; that is, if the angular space provided by the lateral projection of one full size timber beyond another will accommodate a smaller timber of say a size of 3/X6 such size will be employed rather than to use two pieces of 3 X3 placed one on top of the other. The carrying out of this idea is illustrated in Fig. 5, which is a fragmen tary cross-sectional View of a hull showing the arrangement of the timbers as they may appear at any one of several points where the narrowing in of the buttock and bow lines occurs. stacking of multiple size pieces is shown in Fig. 6, which depicts in a single View how, by the use of timbers of different sizes and lengths, the inward curving of the bows, both longitudinally and vertically, is effected. V

The timbers being finally assembled in their desired positions throughout the entire hull of the vessel are secured together by meansof the two sets of tie rods before mentioned, the one 27 being those which have their threaded ends passed through holes bored in the overhanging ends of the deck beams, where they are secured by the nuts 27*. The other set of tie rods, indicated by 28, have their threaded ends passed through perforated bosses 28* on the saddle pieces 29, and engage with nuts 28 The rods 27 and 28 may be made in one or more Another illustration of thepieces, according to the size of the hull, and their ends are threaded for a sullicient distance to permit them to be placed under con siderable tension, in the first instance, and also to allow them to be tightened as occasion may rec T he saddle pieces 20 are held in posit n against the gurnvale timbers by the deck tie rods 30, the threaded ends of which are received in the perforated bosses 30, on the outside of which are the nuts 30". The last mentioned lie rods may extend horizontally, 1: it we prefer to arch them slightly in the co so that the strain imparted to them will impart a compressional force against the filled blocks 16 and 22.

The rough exterior of the hull of a vessel built in accordance with the present disclosures, is smoothed over to reduce the skin t" iction as the body is propelled through the water. This part of the work may be made to give the finished appearance desired, but for practical purposes, and because of the fact that it is not the intention to attempt to drive the mass at anything but a moderate speed, it is unnecessary to do more than to fill the spaces between adjacent tie rods. Throughout the greater portion of the ship these s ces may be filled by planks 32, of thickn equal to the diameter of the tie rods. extending endwise vertically between the latter, and spiked to the side wall timbers. In some places short lengths of these spacing pieces ill be utilized. If desired, an outer skin, or surface, may be formed by boa .r'ds, or DlilllkS, overlying the rods and the till'ng pieces 32, and which will be nailed or spiked through the latter. However, as no attempt is made to maintain the craft in a water tight condition, the skin planking may be quickly put in place and arranged in such a way that such lumber will, upon dclivery, have substantially its original value at the saw mill and contribute to the value of the whole mess. To this end, some 0 l the sheathing planks will. extend horizontally, as indicated by 33, while others may he arranged diagronally, as indicated at 34, the latter being used wherever this disposition of the planks enables them to be more easily molded to the lines of the hull.

The craft may be propelled by any suit able source of power, preferably by the use of sailing equipment, and in the present illustrations we have shown a schooner rig to which might be added as an auxiliary equipment, a hydrocarbon engine with the usual propeller located beneath the stern, as indicated in dotted lines, the shaft of which vill be driven by bevel gears from a counter shaft similarly geared to the driving shaft of the engine (not shown) incloscd in :i suitable deck house.

A ship constructed in accordance with our invention affords means for the transportation on long voyages of a great uantity of lUf) [ill

1a, eases lumber in the term most desired at the point or delivery, namely in large timbers. Fun titer, in the practice of our invention another advantage will be found in that We provide lumber which in the green state is impro by subjecting it to the action oi? sea v zlfil which acts to cure the lumber by driving out the sap.

VVeclaim as our invention:

1. A ships hull composed of a plurality ()fll tin'ibers first cut to commercial dimensional sizes, then laid in l'OWS to form a substantially solid body having the desired exterior lines or the hull, the butts of adjacent '3 timbers in one row breaking joints With those of adjacent rows, means for securing the timbers of some of said rows against longitudinal movement relative to the rows of timber at their opposite sides and means for binding the mass or timbers together as a WllOlB.

2. In the construction of a ships hull, the combination with a plurality of longitudinal timbers of given sizes laid to form the bottom, other timbers similarly laid and fitted to fill the bilge, floor pieces arranged trans versely of the latter and extending substantially the Width of the hull, and other longitudinal timbers resting on the floor pieces and stacked substantially in solid formation the outer timbers forming the sides of the ship,a11d means for securing the mass together.

A shipshull comprised of timbers laid longitudinally to form the keel and bottom and fill the bilge, floor pieces extending transversely of the former, other longitudinally extending timbers forming the side walls and cargo, deck pieces arranged transversely oi the hull and means extending from the ends of the deck pieces beneath the bottom and acting to secure the mass of timbers together.

at. A ships hull formed by la ing courses of longitudinally extending tim ers to form the bottom and keel and fill the bilge, floor timbers extending transversely over the latter, other courses of longitudinal timbers resting on the floor pieces, those courses on the exterior comprising the side Walls being interlocked against relative longitudinal movement, deck beams arranged With their ends projecting beyond theside Walls and tie rods carried by the ends of said beams and extending beneath the bottom of the shi 5. A ships hull formed of dimensionally cut timbers extending side by side in longitudinal rows and laid to form the bottom and sides of the hull, some of the rows of timbers being secured to adjacent rows to prevent relative longitudinal movement, a course of timbers extending transversely of the hull, other interior courses of cut timbers comprising the cargo substantially filling the body of the ship, and stacked in endwise and sidewise relationship to prevent their shitting and means encircling the ship :lor binding the mass together.

6. A ships hull formed oi? dimensionally cut timbers extending side by side in longitudinal l'OWS and laid to form the bottom and sides of the hull, some of the rows of timbers being secured to adjacent rows to prevent relative longitudinal movement, a course oi? timbers extending transversely of the hull and supporting the side Wall rows, other interior rows of cut timber disposed above and below the trans'werse timbers and substantially filling the space between the bottom and side walls deck beams extending over the latter and rssti. g on the inclosud timbers and means extending around the sides and bottom and securing the deck beams, and sides and bottom pieces in com- 'PIGSSlOllztl engagement with each other and with the inclosed timbers.

7. A ships hull formed of dimensionally cut timbers laid in longitudinal rows side by side to form the bottom and side walls 1:

of the hull, and other similar pieces of lumber comprising inner horizontal layers and vertical rows substantially filling the interior olthe hull, some of the rows of both the interior and exterior timbers being secured to adjacent rows to prevent their relative longitudinal movement, other rows of the interior timbers being disposed to prevent lateral. shifting of the mass and members extending around the hull and binding the entire mass of timbers together.

it :t ships hull 'lorined o't dimensionally rut timbers laid in longitudinal rows side by side to term the bottom and side walls oil the hull, and other similar pieces of hunbcr compr mg inner horizontal layers and vertical rem-a substantially filling the interior of the hull, deck lJtl-IHEG overlying the interior and side Wall timbers and arranged in spaced relation, one set oi securing means extending from the ends oil? said beams around the bottom of the hull and a second set of securing devices including saddl at "l e junction of the deck and side walls and extending completely around the hull in the spacesbctiveen the deck beams.

9. .l'lr. ships hull formed of dimensionally cut timbers laid in longitudinal rows side by side to term the bottom and side Walls of the hull, and other similar pieces of i lumber comprising inner horizontal layers and vertlcal rows substantially filling the interior at the hull, some of the rows of both the interior and exterior timbers be ing secured to adjacent rows to prevent their relative longitudinal movement, other rows of the interior timbers being disposed to prevent lateral shifting of the mass, deck beams exending transversely across the top oi the hull. and engaging the top interior and exterior timbers, said beams being spaced one from another, a set of compres sion members extending from the ends of said timbers beneath the hull, and a second set of compression members encircling the hull in the intervals between the deck beams.

10. A. ships hull having a bottom formed of dimensionally out timbers laid to form the keclson, other timbers placed side by side to term the garboard strakes adjacent the keelson and similar forming the bottom planks, the planks extending upwardly and outwardly at an angle to the strakes, side wall timbers stacked vertically and composed of pieces irogressively wider from the top and bot tom of the walls to their middle point forming the wales, means supporting the side timbers beyond walls independently of the bottom, cargo timbers substantially filling the hull, tension members extending beneath the bottom of the hull and upwardly at the sides thereof.

11. A ships hull having a bottom formed of dimensionally cut timbers laid to form the keelson, other timbers placed side by side to form the bottom of the hull extending upwardly and outwardly at each side of the keelson floor pieces resting upon the keelson and projectin beyond the bottom timbers, compression blocks beneath the floor pieces engaging the outermost bottom timbers and projecting beyond the floor pieces, side wall timbers stacked vertically on the ends of the latter with their outer faces projecting beyond said floor pieces and tension members extending beneath the bottom timbers around the compression blocks and upwardly along the side walls.

1:2. A ships hull having a bottom formed of dimensionally cut timbers laid longitudinally with an upward rise at each side of the longitudinal center, other timbers laid longitudinally and cut to fill the bilge space and transversely extending floor timbers covering the latter and projecting at their ends beyond the outermost bottom timbers, of side Wall timbers resting upon and projecting beyond the ends of the floor timbers, compression blocks resting against the outermost bottom timbers and also projecting beyond the extremities of the floor timbers and tie rods extending beneath the bottom and upwardly in engagement with the compression blocks and side wall timbers.

13. A ships hull formed of dimensionally mass and spaced one from another, a set of around the mass and seends oi the transverse timtie rods extending cured to the 'bors and second set oi tie rods connected to saddles at the pmction of the deck and side walls disposed in the spaces between said timbers and surrounding the mass.

ll. A ships hull formed ol? :1 mass ol dres ed timbers stacked in substantially solid formation and arranged to approximate the lilies of a ship, tie rods overlying the exterior rows of timber and binding the mass together, filling pieces between aid rods and sheathing extending over said pieces and rods.

15. A ships hull formed of dres ed tin]- bers comprising a layer forming the exterior bottom, vertical, courses comprising the sides, and two spaced longitiulinally extending central bulkhead courses, the ad jacent timbers of said side and bulkhead courses being interlocked against relative lengthwise movement, deck timbers extending transversely over the l ops oi"- said courses, the rods securing the deck timbers and side and bottom timbers together and masts stepped between the bulkheads.

16. A ships hull formed of dressed timbers comprising a layer vforming the exterior bottom and a central keclsoin floor tin'lbers laid transversely upon the l-tcclson and extending substantially the full width of the hull, vertical courses of timbers stacked on the ends of the floor pieces, and two spaced longitiulinally extending bulkhead courses centrally disposed on the floor pieces, deck timbers overlying the side and bulkhead courses, and tie rods extending itrom the ends of the dock timbers around the hull.

17. A ships hull formed of dimensionally cut timbers laid longitudinally to form a substantially solid body and give the lines of a ship to the bottom and sides, saddles at the junction. of the deck and sides, a set of tie-rods connected to said saddles and extending around the mass to bind the sunntogether, and sheathing extending oyer said saddles and rods.

F. HUNTINGTON CLARK. MORRIS M. lVl-HTAKER.

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